← All ArticlesFirst Aid Every Parent Should Know: A Quick Reference Guide
4 April 2026
## Burns
**Minor burns (small area, red skin, no blisters):**
- Run cool (not ice-cold) water over the burn for at least 10 minutes
- Cover loosely with a clean, non-stick bandage
- Give age-appropriate pain relief if needed
**When to go to the emergency room:**
- Burns larger than your child's palm
- Burns on the face, hands, feet, or genitals
- Blistering burns
- Electrical or chemical burns
**Never** apply ice, butter, toothpaste, or any home remedy to a burn.
## Choking
### For babies under 1 year:
1. Lay the baby face-down on your forearm, supporting the head
2. Give 5 firm back blows between the shoulder blades with the heel of your hand
3. Turn baby face-up, give 5 chest thrusts (two fingers on the breastbone, just below the nipple line)
4. Alternate back blows and chest thrusts until the object comes out or the baby starts crying/coughing
### For children over 1 year:
1. Stand behind the child
2. Make a fist and place it just above the belly button
3. Wrap your other hand around the fist
4. Give quick upward thrusts (the Heimlich maneuver)
5. Repeat until the object is expelled
**If the child becomes unconscious, call emergency services immediately and begin CPR.**
## Fever
**What's actually a fever:**
- Under 3 months: 38C (100.4F) or above — see a doctor immediately
- 3-36 months: 38.5C (101.3F) — monitor closely, seek help if it lasts 24+ hours
- Over 3 years: 39C (102.2F) — treat with medication, seek help if it persists 72+ hours
**Managing fever at home:**
- Give paracetamol (acetaminophen) or ibuprofen at the correct dose for weight
- Keep your child lightly dressed — don't bundle them up
- Offer small, frequent sips of water or oral rehydration solution
- A lukewarm (not cold) sponge bath can help if the temperature is very high
**Warning signs that need immediate attention:**
- Stiff neck, sensitivity to light
- Rash that doesn't fade when pressed (do the glass test)
- Difficulty breathing
- Extreme drowsiness or confusion
- Seizure
## Falls and Head Injuries
Most falls result in bumps and bruises. Apply a cold compress for 10-15 minutes.
**Go to the emergency room if your child:**
- Lost consciousness, even briefly
- Vomits more than once after the fall
- Seems confused or unusually drowsy
- Has unequal pupil sizes
- Has clear fluid draining from nose or ear
- Has a seizure
- Was under 1 year and fell from more than 60cm
After a head bump, watch your child closely for 24 hours. Wake them once during the night to check they respond normally.
## Cuts and Wounds
1. Apply firm pressure with a clean cloth for 10 minutes
2. Rinse with clean running water
3. Apply antiseptic and cover with a sterile bandage
4. Change the bandage daily
**Needs medical attention if:**
- The cut is deep, gaping, or longer than 2cm
- Bleeding doesn't stop after 10 minutes of firm pressure
- The wound has dirt or debris you can't rinse out
- It's on the face (scarring concern)
- The wound edges are jagged
## Allergic Reactions
**Mild reaction (hives, itching, mild swelling):**
- Give antihistamine (cetirizine or chlorpheniramine — age-appropriate dose)
- Monitor for 2-4 hours
**Severe reaction (anaphylaxis) — call emergency immediately:**
- Swelling of lips, tongue, or throat
- Difficulty breathing or wheezing
- Dizziness or fainting
- Vomiting with hives
If your child has a known allergy and carries an epinephrine auto-injector, use it immediately and call emergency services.
## Nosebleeds
1. Sit the child upright, leaning slightly forward (not backward)
2. Pinch the soft part of the nose firmly
3. Hold for 10 full minutes without checking
4. If still bleeding after 10 minutes, pinch for another 10
See a doctor if nosebleeds happen frequently or don't stop after 20 minutes.
## Your First Aid Kit
Keep these at home and refresh every 6 months:
- Adhesive bandages (various sizes)
- Sterile gauze pads and medical tape
- Antiseptic solution
- Digital thermometer
- Paracetamol and ibuprofen (child formulations)
- Antihistamine syrup
- Oral rehydration sachets
- Cold pack
- Tweezers and small scissors
- Emergency numbers written down (not just in your phone)